Pledge of allegiance-the pledge of allegiance is a declaration of patriotism. it was first published in 1892 in the youths companion, and was believed to be written by the magazines editor, francis bellamy. the original purpose was for the pledge to be used by school children in activities to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the discovery of america. the pledge was widely used in morning school routines for many years and received official recognition by congress on 1942. in 1954 the phrase under god was added and a law to indicate the proper behavior when reciting the pledge, which includes standing straight, removing hats or any other headgear, and placing the right hand over the heart. (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect because while they are all american patriotic national symbols, (c) is an actual declaration of patriotism. therefore, (c) is a better answer. competency 023