(o day et al., 2009)-according to apa, in-text citations for works with 6 or more authors can be shortened to first author + et al. (abbreviation for and others) on first use.
answer a didnt shorten the citation and misspelled the names of two authors (chan instead of cahn; steel instead of stele). attention to detail is critical.
in addition to not using the shortened citation format, answer b used and instead of the & symbol. and should be spelled out when the authors names are used in the sentence but parenthetical citations should use the ampersand (&).
answer d used an inappropriate format for a parenthetical citation; however, the use of and colleagues is allowed if the authors names are used as part of the sentence.