The study that focuses on cultural and philosophical topics is cultural studies. These studies typically focus on the political aspects of a culture, as well as sexual orientation, gender, classes, etc. Anything that goes into creating a country, nation, or people’s culture is looked at in this kind of a study. This discipline can be studied alongside a lot of other kinds of disciplines and other studies, or sometimes studied all by itself.
It’s so diverse and interspaced with what can be studied and what can’t be studied, that it is sometimes considered anti-disciplinary. There are many ways this can be taught, and can even be mingled with other kinds of teaching - such as language skills, writing skills, reading comprehension, etc.