The four philosophies or perspectives of geography are cultural landscape, environmental determinism, possiblism and human ecology. Cultural landscape refers to the different cultural characteristics and properties of the works between the nature and human beings. This philosophy is under the two forms of landscape: the original landscape which existed before human beings initiated changes and the cultural landscape which is the changes made by humans in our nature. Environmental determinism is the study of how our environment affects societies and state systems.
This includes what influences people to develop the economy and construct buildings and institutions. Possiblism is the study of how people approach geographical knowledge – how we can make things happen and how we can change something based on social conditions. Human ecology is the study of the relationship between humans and the environment – this includes sociology, psychology, zoology, public health and home economics.
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