What is the lithosphere made up of?

The word "lithosphere" comes from Ancient Greek and translates to "rock sphere." A terrestrial-type planet's lithosphere is composed of the brittle and rocky crust and the rocky, rigid, and mostly cool upper layer of the mantle.

The lithosphere of Earth is approximately 70-100 km in thickness, and rests on top of the liquid lower mantle. There are two types of lithosphere: the thinner and denser oceanic lithosphere with rocks like basalt that exists in the ocean basins, and the thicker and less compacted continental lithosphere with rocks such as granite. The lithosphere itself is subdivided into major and minor tectonic plates.