A 33-year-old patient with an average menstrual cycle of 28 days comes in for a routine Pap smear. It has been 35 days since the start of her last menstrual period, and a vaginal smear reveals clumps of basophilic cells.
There are detectable levels of HCG in her serum and urine.
The patient described in this question is probably pregnant. The delay in menstruation coupled with the presence of basophilic cells in a vaginal smear are clues. Ovulation is the midpoint of the cycle and should be more than a few days away. She is relatively young for the onset of menopause and there are no other symptoms.
The vaginal epithelium varies little with the normal menstrual cycle. Exfoliative cytology can be used to diagnose cancer and to determine if the epithelium is under stimulation of estrogen and progesterone. The presence of basophilic cells in the smear with the pap-staining method would indicate the presence of both estrogen and progesterone. The data suggest the maintenance of the corpus luteum (i.e., pregnancy).