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Which of the following statements are true regarding falciparum malaria?

Which of the following statements are true regarding falciparum malaria?

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Cerebral malaria is a rare cause of death; Dormant hepatic hypnozoites can cause symptoms one year later; Jaundice is usually due to indicative of liver failure; Parasitaemia more than 2% is considered severe; Convulsions are pathognomic of cerebral malaria

Asked by Dominic, Last updated: Nov 09, 2024

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John Smith

John Smith

John Smith
John Smith

Answered Sep 08, 2016

Parasitaemia more than 2% is considered severe-malaria is a major cause of childhood mortality in regions where it is hyperendemic.clinically severe disease is usually due to plasmodium falciparum. hepatic hypnozoites are only seen with p. vivax and p. ovale, not p.falciparum. malarial parasites (trophozoites, schizonts or gametocytes) are identified morphologically on a peripheral blood smear. thick smears are used to identify the presence of parasites. the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes can then be assessed on a thin film (>2% is considered severe).intra-vascular haemolysis is caused by either immune destruction of parasitized cells, or non-immune destruction of heavily parasitized cells. drugs such as primaquine can also cause haemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. it leads to hyperbilirubinaemia with resulting jaundice, and haemoglobinuria causing dark urine (in severe cases black-water fever). hepatic failure occurs only in very severe cases as part of a multi-organ dysfunction syndrome.as febrile convulsions are so common in children, the presence of seizures itself is not indicative of cerebral malaria. several factors contribute to neurological dysfunction in childhood malaria. whilst severe infection can cause cerebral malaria, other factors include hypoglycaemia, severe anaemia, fever and drug effects. cerebral malaria is defined as reduced consciousness in the context of parasitaemia, without other cause. untreated, it can progress through symmetrical upper motor neuron and brain stem disturbances including disconjugate gaze, decerebrate and decorticate postures, to death. cerebral malaria is the most common cause of death from malaria.
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