The neuron is the fundamental working unit of the brain, and when neurons collect or send messages, they transmit electrical impulses along their axons, varying in length from a tiny portion of an inch to three feet or more.
Many axons are coated with myelin sheath layers, which hastens the transmission of electrical waves along the axon. This sheath is produced by specialized cells called glia. Cells within the nervous system communicate with each other in different ways.
Neurons convey information to nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells, and most have a cell body, axon, and dendrites, and the cell body includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon stretches from the cell body and gives rise to many smaller branches before ending at the nerve stations.