You may have heard the word logarithms every now and then. It is a mathematic term that refers to a special function or a scheme. It is the inverse operation to the exponentiation. You may compare this relation to how division is the opposite of multiplication and addition is the opposite f subtraction.
There are many programs, probabilities and functions that are based on these logarithms. Moreover, it allows exceptionally small numbers to be written as whole numbers that are much easier to handle in math. You can interconvert between logs and actual numbers any time to give an answer as required.