The answer to this is safety glasses. People are not recommended to weld or even enter the welding shop if they do not have safety glasses on. The light and the heat coming from the welding process can hurt the eyes. There are some sparks that may enter the eye, which is very vulnerable, and this can cause some eye issues in the long run.
Aside from safety glasses, the other mentioned items are also needed in the welding process. For example, the safety helmet would need to be used so that exposure to the ultra-bright white light from welding can be avoided. Sometimes gloves are required if the items are going to be extremely hot.