What don't Characteristics of emergent writers include?

Using conventional spelling in their writing.

Dictating of an idea or a complete story.

Students who are becoming literate are not yet writing conventionally. However, answers (A), (B), and (C) all represent features and characteristics of emergent writers. As young writers grasp the concept of the alphabetic principle and are able to better map speech onto print in conventional ways, their spelling will become closer approximations to conventional spelling. Competency 009