Polyurethane is an oil-based or water-based wood finish that is primarily a plastic resin that hardens when it is applied to the surface. There is also water-based oil-modified polyurethane, which offers protection for the wood even though it is more toxic. The color of polyurethane is milky when it is contained, but clear when it is applied.
It becomes rather thick as it needs a few layers because it is so thin. The varnish is used on outdoor wood is often a combination of resin, solvent, and oil. It is a natural wood finish that is generally resistant to Ultraviolet rays and water damage. There is a matter of solids in the varnish which makes it weather resistant