What is the difference between Public and Private Law?

Public law refers to a certain type of law or a category of law that governs the relationships between individuals (legal persons or citizens) and the state. This category of law can be subdivided into Administrative law, constitutional law, and criminal law. The constitutional law governs the state i.e., the executive, judiciary, and legislative. The administrative law governs all the administrative agencies of a particular government. The criminal law pertains to crime and punishment in order to strengthen social order.

Private law, on the other hand, is a category of law that pertains to the relationships between individuals i.e., private persons, citizens, and corporations. This type of law governs the legal relations between companies and people under contracts. Another name for private law is civil law. As a result, it addresses civil issues and helps to protect the civil rights of individuals that are under any contractual obligation. Unlike public law that is broad in its scope, private law is narrow.

Public ruling is a theory of law that governs the connection between the state and the individual who lives in that area. Public law covers three branches of the state, executive, legislative and administrative law. Criminal law involves state-enforced sanctions to attain justice and social order.

Private law is also recognized as civil law. Its focus is the individual relationships or private interactions between citizens and companies. It encompasses the law of obligations and the law of torts. The law of torts addresses and fixes issues for civil offenses that do not entail any contractual obligation. Public law is a law that involves the state. Administrative law controls international trade, taxation, and manufacturing.