Pillow shams are decorative coverings for pillows, which are meant to be visually appealing, and they are also used to make the bed the focal point in the room. European pillows and their shams are placed in the foreground near the headboard. Standard pillows and their shams are generally placed behind the European pillows. Each pillow is placed meticulously on the bed for the full design effect. European pillows can also be used on the floor for reading or lounging purposes. Placing a pillow inside a standard sham requires opening the back of the sham and putting the pillow inside the opening. European pillows may be opened from the side, or they may have a French opening. Standard shams are used to fit American size pillows. Their measurements are 20 x 26 inches. On the other hand, European shams are typically measured at 26 x 26.