Both the Soviet Union and Russia are traditional names attached to longer and more formal labels. Both are located between Asia and Europe. The Soviet Union was formed by the union of soviet socialists' republics. Russia, on the other hand, is associated with geography, government, country, and people. The two places are different, yet they share some similarities. They both have a centralized government with social restrictions. The Soviet Union was the marriage of fifteen republics. It was a one-party state which demonstrated a communist regime for their government.
Russia, on the other hand, is specific to an actual country. Russia is a federation that shows a semi-presidential government which is run by the Prime Minister. Russia has existed as an empire that was demolished by a rebellion. After the uprising, Russia joined the Soviet Union as one of its republics.