Neurons or neurotransmitters are nerve cells that manage and transfer information through chemical and electrical signals. There are different types of neurons. These include sensory neurons that respond to sound, light, and touch, also send signals to the spinal cord and the brain. Synapses allow a neuron to chemically or electrically transmit a message to another cell. Synapses are either inhibitory or excitatory. Inhibitory synapses diminish the possibility of the action potential of a cell, while excitatory synapses increase this possibility. The main difference between the two: Excitatory synapses cause a positive action potential in cells and neurons. Inhibitory synapses encourage neurotransmitters in the membrane to depolarize. An example is the binding of GABA to receptors. Medications such as valium, Ativan, and other sedatives bind to GABA.
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