With the definition of decoder and demultiplexer, you will be able to understand some of the differences between the two. A decoder is a device used to convert an encoded bit stream, mostly from one format to another. If you understand the term encoding, it will be very easy for you to understand what a decoder is because the latter is just a reverse of what the former does. With a decoder, encoded data can be easily converted into different kinds of signals.
On the other hand, a demultiplexer is also a device that helps connect a single input line to different output lines, especially digital ones. While a decoder reverses the functions of an encoder, a demultiplexer also reverses the functions of a multiplexer.
While there are 1-16 demultiplexers, 1-8 demultiplexers, and 1-4 demultiplexers, decoders are usually grouped as 4-to-16 decoders, 3-to-8 decoders, and 2-to-4 decoders. However, both devices are used in communication systems.