Guilt and conviction are two terms that have to do with sin or error. Guilt has to do with a feeling that is associated with making error, sin, or committing an offense. When you are in guilt based on your feeling, you have no ray of redemption, but what rules your mind as at this moment is condemnation.
In the case of conviction, it can mean a strong belief about something, which is the meaning of the verb form "convince." It can also mean "being convicted" or being convinced of sin or wrongdoing. These two terms actually find their source in mind. However, one comes before one -conviction usually takes place before guilt.
This is so due to the fact that you are convinced of guilt. Conviction comes first before guilt. When a person feels guilty, he is liable to become depressed and probably looks done on himself. In the case of conviction, it is associated with receiving a revelation, which can lead to a change of attitude.