What do all elements in the periodic table have in common?

All of the elements of the periodic table have the same numbers of atomic orbitals. The elements in each group have the same number of electrons in each outer orbital. Each element is placed in a specific location because of its atomic structure. Each row has unique and distinct characteristics.

For example, magnesium and calcium are found in column two, and they share certain similarities. The atoms of all the elements have electrons, protons, and neutrons. They all have atomic masses. They all share similar properties with the other elements. They can also become any of the four states of matter.