A job is something that you can have so that you can start earning money. When you say career, this stands for a series of potential employment opportunities that will help you improve and become better. The job that you have will not have any impact on the type of future that you may have unless you get a job that will pay you well and will allow you to get a lot of money in the process.
A career will allow you to have different opportunities that will allow you to climb up the career ladder depending on the type of field that you work in.