Argument and Persuasion are two English words, and at times, their meaning can be confusing as to whether they are the same or not. The argument is a simple word which means a kind of discussion in which two or more people engage themselves in a debate and whereby all the arguers are expressing themselves from different viewpoints. For example, you and your friend(s) can be giving opposing views about a particular talk of discussion.
When you are arguing, you are supporting your claims with facts and statements that are necessary to convince your opponent. Persuasion, on the other hand, is an act of persuading or convincing someone towards accepting your point of view about a particular talk of discussion. While, the argument might end without anybody accepting another person's view about something, through Persuasion, someone can easily be convinced by his opponent to accept his/her opinions about something.