The political system that Germany follows is a democratic federal, parliamentary republic, That means it has a constitution which emphasizes or focuses on the protection of individual liberties. The President of Germany, however, is supposed to be held above the party politics. There is a voting system in place which is termed a mixed-member proportional.
There is no royal family or king or queen. Germany is comprised of 16 states. Each has a parliament of its own as well as a state leader which is called a Minister-President. Some have mayors instead, like Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen. The fact that there is a federal system is because Germany spun out of the highly decentralized Holy Roman Empire where small areas had councils.