Smallpox was erradicated by the use of the Smallpox vaccine. Smallpox killed about 30% of those it affected. It has existed for at least 3,000 years until it was finally eradicated through a joint global vaccination program which was led by the World Health Organization.
The goal was to vaccinate as much of the world as possible. The end of Smallpox was declared in 1979, finally. It was a joyous time because it was one of the most feared diseases ever.