There are four main kinds of water pollutants causing the most harm to the water and waterways. First and foremost, there are nutrients which cause pollution in the water. Those are things like sewage that has high levels of nutrients which ultimately encourage algae and weed growth within the water which makes it unhealthy to drink.
Surface water pollution is yet another mammoth issue. That is when things run off like toxic chemicals put on the lawn that find their way downstream. Ground water pollution is another issue. It can be contaminated with many things including trash and toxic dumping. Oxygen depleting culprits of water pollution are a big problem too. The more that is made known about exactly what things cause water pollution, the more that can be done.