Historically, the Chinese have been patriotic towards their nation. As the people of China, they have a rich heritage and national identity. But patriotism towards the government may be a different item altogether. The Communist Party has been long preoccupied with securing their power and remaining in power. The Chinese elite have been quite insecure and have done all they can to stay in power.
With such a focus, their entire aim has been to keep power. They have done all they can to put down any movement by the people that is against their dictatorial powers. This has definitely kept the people from being patriotistic towards their government. But of course, outwardly they may need to show patriotism to avoid problems.