Witch phobia and prosecutions for the crime of witchcraft reached a high point from 1580 to 1630, during the Counter-Reformation and the European Wars of religion, where around 50,000 people were burned at the stake.
Throughout the medieval era, mainstream Christian doctrine had denied the existence of witches and witchcraft, condemning it as pagan superstition. There was genuine fear and panic that it was possible for a person to obtain supernatural power through a collaboration with the devil. The incidence of witchcraft cases increased slowly but steadily from the 14th to the 15th century. The Salem Witch Trials were the most infamous witch trials in history.