When and how were protons discovered?

E. Goldstein demonstrated the presence of proton in atoms in 1886.
The anode generated heavy particle streams when Goldstein passed electricity at high voltage through a gas at very low pressure in a discharge tube (positive electrode).
Anode rays are the particles that make up these sources.
Protons make up the anode rays produced by hydrogen.
When an electron is removed from a hydrogen atom, a proton is formed.
H+ (Proton) + e– (Hydrogen atom) (Electron)
As a result, a proton is a hydrogen ion (H+).
He also discovered that the charge-to-mass ratio of positive particles is affected by the type of gas in the discharge tube.
As a result, the charge to mass ratio (e/m) varied depending on the gas.
The e/m ratio was highest in the case of hydrogen gas, owing to the fact that hydrogen is the lightest atom, meaning m will be the smallest, and hence the e/m ratio will be the highest.
The proton is a positively charged particle that can contain in all atoms.

The discovery of the proton is a portion of a series of experiments and discoveries of atomic particles by several scientists, but the credit is generally given to Ernest Rutherford. In 1897, Scientist JJ Thomson baffled the scientific community while studying electrical currents by proposing that the currents were made up of particles smaller than atoms, which challenged what was commonly accepted at the time that atoms were the tiniest particles and were indivisible. Further experimentation led him to discover tiny negatively charged particles termed electrons.

Similarly, in 1911 Ernest Rutherford was studying radioactivity and proposed that the atom must contain a positively charged center which contains most of the atom’s weight. He discovered the nucleus through a series of experiments aimed at proving his theory of protons. The discovery of the proton (the term not appearing in print until 1920) was a gradual process of each set of experiments adding to the completion of the puzzle and a greater understanding.

Rutherford’s theory of a positively charged weighted center to the atom, and his subsequent experimentation with hydrogen atoms were crucial in the understanding of atomic structure. Sometime between 1911 and the 1932 discovery of the neutron by another scientist, Rutherford is credited with the discovery of the proton, although an exact date is unclear.