Collision avoidance strategies can be seen as either direct or indirect in how they rapidly transfer energy to the object. The direct methods, such as nuclear explosives, or kinetic impactors rapidly intercept the path. When the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 passed by the sun in 1994, the tidal stress shattered the comet into a number of larger fragments.
Those fragments smashed into Jupiter like a series of nuclear bombs in July 1994. The most significant impact may have released an amount of energy equal to a thousand H- bombs. The impacts left enormous black blemishes in the clouds of Jupiter, which were visible for months.