This is difficult to say, but it will go back centuries. However, the writings of Francesco di Marco, who was a merchant of Venice in the 14th century show that ravioli was eaten and enjoyed then. I dare say ravioli goes back a long way further, if you think that a bowl of noodles, perfectly preserved, was dug up not long ago and dated as 4,000 years of age.
If people could construct noodles, it's very likely they could construct a primitive kindof ravioli though it would be cruder and without the dainty edges.