Which filament arises from the neuron cell body and extends for micrometers?

The correct answer to this question is Dendrite. Also known as dendrons, Dendrite is protoplasmic extensions, which are from a nerve cell. These extensions are branched. Dendrites are essential because they receive signals, and these signals are passed into the soma, which is the cell body. Cells have hundreds of dendrites.

The Dendrite, taken from one axon and neuron, meet at a synapse. A synapse is a gap between two batteries, and there are two types of them. One is chemical, and the other is electrical. As the name suggests, chemical synapses release chemicals and electrical releases electrical currents in the cell.