I am guessing WhatsApp is more famous than other messaging services for several reasons. Perhaps the two biggest reasons are that it was really the first text message application on the market and it was basically free. Back when WhatsApp was first launched, mobile phone companies charged for sending text messages, so users quickly jumped at a chance to send messages for free.
I understand WhatsApp also worked with not only Android and iOS phones, but also with Nokia phones, which were very common phones in emerging markets/countries. And maybe the best reason, WhatsApp was ad-free.