Umm, no! This is not a look that will work at all. Ties are meant to be worn under a collar. If you omit a tie and wear a dress shirt with a jacket over it, perhaps with jeans, you can achieve that semi-formal look. However, the closest you’ll get with a t-shirt is probably a shirt that has the tie or bowtie (depending on your preference) as part of the design, as the previous answer stated.
Ties just look awkward without a collar. Besides, that’d be incredibly awkward and hard to keep at a good spot on your chest without a collar. Also, why wear a tie without a formal shirt underneath it? What purpose would a plain t-shirt and a tie serve?
I've not come across this. What is quite wacky is one of the t-shirts where the tie is part of the printed design. There are t-shirts that, from a distance, fool you that a guy is wearing a bow tie or dinner suit shirt with short sleeves.
Without a collar for it to sit under, wouldn't you feel uncomfortable with a tie around your neck. A t-shirt and jacket is semi-formal, but a t-shirt and tie would surely just look darn stupid.