Vasodilation and its resulting increased blood flow causes the redness (RUBOR)
and increased heat (CALOR).
Increased permeability of the blood vessels results in an EXUDATION (leakage) of plasma proteins and fluid into the tissue (EDEMA),
which manifests itself as swelling (TUMOR).
Some of the released mediators such as bradykinin increase the sensitivity to pain (DOLOR).
The mediator molecules also alter the blood vessels to permit the migration of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, outside of the blood vessels (EXTRAVASATION)
into the tissue. The neutrophils migrate along a chemotactic gradient created by the local cells to reach the site of injury. The loss of function (FUNCTIO LAESA)
is probably the result of a neurological reflex in response to pain.