The phrase above is figurative language. A figurative language is used for the personification of objects, ideas, and animals.
The phrase "shoes got by devilish ways will burn your feet" means anything you obtained in the wrong way. “Devilish ways,” which includes cheating people, stealing, or committing crimes to obtain, will eventually hurt you, harm you, or destroy you.
“Burn your feet” is a plain meaning of the phrase; the author does not mean there will be a direct heat on your feet that will burn you, but it means whatever you sow, you reap. This phrase is gotten from a book where a boy wanted to steal a woman's purse to get shoes for himself.