Almost all pirates did not, and even in this modern age, do not have to worry about how to survive harsh sea weather. Pirates would never go far from land, choosing instead to sail up and down the coast looking for ships that were near docks and were either just arriving or just leaving. On a clear day, you can see about 5 kilometers or just a little over three miles.
From a crow’s nest, you can see even farther. Therefore, pirates were usually within sight of land. After attacking and stealing their target ship’s goods, they would return to land and easily avoid any bad storms.